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Awareness and knowledge of vermicomposting technologies were mixed, with Spain showing
a higher level of familiarity and positive self-assessment of knowledge. In contrast, other
countries expressed a weaker understanding. The familiarity with vermicomposting
terminologies and technologies varied, with Greece showing the least familiarity.

Challenges in the Agricultural Sector:

Participants identified several pressing challenges in their respective agricultural sectors,
including climate change impacts, increased food demand, soil depletion, and unsustainable
agricultural practices. These challenges are closely linked with the potential benefits of
vermicomposting, indicating a recognition of its relevance but also hinting at missed
opportunities for its application.

Vermicomposting in Agricultural Education:

The integration of vermicomposting in educational curricula is partial at best, often included
within broader subjects like soil sciences or environmental programs. Practical applications and
specific focus on vermicomposting are largely absent, resulting in a general lack of familiarity
among students with the practice.

Barriers to Teaching Vermicomposting:

Instructors cited various barriers to teaching vermicomposting, such as insufficient materials,
lack of practical opportunities, and a general lack of awareness and interest. These barriers

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