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Regulation on Animal By-Products (Verordening dierlijke bijproducten) (1069/2009 and

142/2011): This set of regulations is particularly important in scenarios where vermicomposting
uses or produces animal by-products. It details how these materials should be handled,

processed, and utilised, ensuring they meet health and safety standards.

Feed Regulation (Regeling diervoeders): Governs the use of organic material as animal feed.

In vermicomposting, this regulation affects what types of organic waste can be fed to the worms.

Fertilisers Act (Meststoffenwet): This law sets the standards for fertilisers in the Netherlands,

including those produced through vermicomposting. It ensures that the compost is safe for use

in agriculture by regulating its nutrient content, contaminants, and other properties.

Animal Health and Welfare Act (De Wet Dieren): This law considers the status and welfare of

the animals. It refers to regulations regarding breeding, treatment, and use in composting
processes.

Composting commercial organic waste is subject to a permit requirement under Article 3.185

Bal, because the activity is not excluded from the list in paragraph 3. Under the Environmental
Act, collected or delivered household waste is regarded as industrial waste. Given this, the

permit requirement applies under Article 3.185 Bal. Where applicable, a permit requirement
may apply for the composting of animal fertilisers.

From a legal point of view, the waste stream is always an 'animal by-product'. However, feeding
animal by-products to production animals or transporting organic waste to locations with

production animals is not permitted.

15.4.2. Policies and initiatives promoting vermicomposting

In the Netherlands, a framework of policies and initiatives promotes vermicomposting as part

of the broader strategy to foster a sustainable and environmentally conscious society. These

policies and initiatives are anchored in several key areas. Firstly, the Circular Economy Action
Plan positions the Netherlands as a pioneer in advocating for a circular economy where waste

is minimised and resources are continuously reused. Within this framework, vermiculture, the
process of using earthworms to convert organic waste into nutrient-rich compost, plays a

significant role in recycling organic waste. This approach reduces waste that would otherwise
end up in landfills and provides a sustainable source of fertiliser.

Furthermore, the Dutch government offers Subsidies and Financial Support to encourage
sustainable waste management practices, including vermicomposting. These financial

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