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Bristles : Tiny rigid structures on most segments of earthworms which serve as brakes during
movement. Known as setae, the patterns they form are a major distinguishing characteristic of
earthworms.
Burrow : Tunnel formed when an earthworm eats its way through soil, or pushes soil aside to
form a place to live and move more readily through the earth.
Carbon dioxide : Gas produced by living organisms as they utilize food to provide energy.
Also produced through the burning of fossil fuels.
Castings : See worm castings.
Castings tea : A solution containing nutrients which dissolve in water in the presence of worm
castings.
Cellulose : An inert compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; a component of
worm bedding. Cellulose is found in wood, cotton, hemp, and paper fibers.
Classify : To organize materials, organisms, or information based upon a defined set of
characteristics.
Climate : The prevailing or average weather conditions of a place over a period of years.
Clitellum : A swollen region containing gland cells which secrete the cocoon materials.
Sometimes called a girdle or band, it is present on sexually mature worms.
Cocoon : Structure formed by the clitellum which protects embryonic worms until they hatch.
Cold-blooded : Having blood that varies in temperature approximating that of the surrounding
air, land, or water. Fishes, reptiles, and worms are cold- blooded animals.
Compost : Biological reduction of organic waste to humus. Used to refer to both the process
and the end product. One composts (verb) leaves, manure, and garden residues to obtain
compost (noun) which enhances soil texture and fertility when used in gardens.
Consumer : An organism that feeds on other plants or animals.
Contract : Action of muscle as it draws up, or gets shorter.
Culture : To grow organisms under defined conditions. Also, the product of such activity, as a
bacterial culture. Vermiculture is growing worms in culture.
Cyst : A sac, usually spherical, surrounding an animal in a dormant state.
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