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Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands and Belgium, the role of quality assurance is great. A

quality system has been established in these countries. In many countries such as Sweden,
Norway, Italy and France, this system is under design. The quality assurance organizations are

Compost Quality Assurance Organization (CQAO) in Germany, KGVO in Austria, VLACO in
Belgium and VVAV in the Netherlands, respectively. In Europe, the quality assurance system

consists of raw materials, input control, quantity of harmful substances, quality criterion of
valuable substances in compost, composting production, external control (of product and/or

production), product quality label, plant or product certification, declaration of compost

properties, operator training and ability, operation and maintenance of facilities, and
certificates. The quality assurance status of compost quality in Europe and the quality assurance

status of composting and rotting plants in Europe are given below, respectively [53].

520 large compost and digestion plants in Austria, Belgium (Flanders), Germany, Luxembourg,

the Netherlands and Sweden are controlled by a quality monitoring system. In Germany, the

quality of the final compost is determined by the RAL mark. Two different attitudes prevail in
the Netherlands and Belgium. Here final product control is combined with production control.

In Belgium, the application period for a quality mark for a new compost facility is two years.
In the first year, production is constantly monitored. In the second year of the application, only

the compost produced is checked.

It can be seen that regulations regarding composting in Europe focus especially on the heavy
metal content of compost. Especially in Austria, compost quality classes are determined

according to heavy metal content. In Germany, compost classes are determined according to
the properties or use of the compost. In Belgium (Flanders); Compost quality is determined by

the raw material used. Mainly the quality of the final compost; It depends on the raw material
used, heavy metal content and intended use. In America, special limits apply for sewage sludge

compost. These limits are quite flexible (Table 14). Heavy metal limits in American and

European countries are shown below [53].

In European countries, compost limits also apply to sewage sludge. Heavy metal limits of
compost are different in each country. In America, the limits are quite high, whereas in Europe,

the limits are quite low and it is very difficult to meet them. While the limits in American

standards are determined according to health risk, the limits in European standards are
determined close to the natural limits of these heavy metals in the soil and are not flexible.

Thus, compost prevents soil pollution and is safer for public health. The required temperatures

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