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DNA and RNA Synthesis: Phosphorus is one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA in plants.
DNA and RNA store the genetic material of plants and are vital for protein synthesis and the
transfer of genetic information.
Cell Membrane Structure: Phosphorus is involved in the basic structure of cell membranes in
plants. Cell membranes are important structural components that separate the cell interior from
the external environment and phosphorus plays an important role in the formation of these
membranes.
Photosynthesis Phosphorus plays an important role in the regulation of photosynthetic reactions
and energy transfer in plants. Photosynthesis is a critical process in which plants use solar
energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
Plant Growth and Development: Phosphorus supports the development of the root, leaf, and
stem tissues of plants. Phosphorus deficiency negatively affects root development in plants and
slows down the growth of plants.
Reaction Catalyst: Phosphorus functions as a catalyst for biochemical reactions in plants. It
regulates metabolic reactions by taking part in the structure of enzymes and provides
physiological functions to plants.
Phosphorus deficiency or excess in the plant is one of the important problems that adversely
affect plant health. Both can adversely affect plant development and cause yield losses. Here
are the effects of phosphorus deficiency and excess in the plant:
16.2.1. Phosphorus Deficiency
Problems in Root Development: Phosphorus deficiency negatively affects the root development
of plants. Roots weaken and cannot get enough nutrients and water.
Slow Growth: The growth rate of plants slows down due to phosphorus deficiency. Plants may
have smaller and weaker leaves.
Yield Loss: Phosphorus deficiency reduces the crop yield of plants. Especially fruit and seed
formation can be affected.
Color Changes: Leaves may turn purple or dark green and leaf margins may be reddish.
Ripening Delay: Due to phosphorus deficiency, the ripening of fruits or seeds of plants may be
delayed.
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