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glucose and oxygen using solar energy in the process of photosynthesis. Without magnesium
in the structure of chlorophyll, photosynthesis cannot take place and plants cannot produce
nutrients.
Energy Transfer: Magnesium is an essential component of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
molecules in plants. ATP is the main molecule used for energy transfer of cellular activities in
plants. Magnesium ensures efficient synthesis of ATP and cellular energy transfer.
Enzyme Activation: Magnesium plays a critical role in the activation of many enzymes in
plants. Enzymes play an important role in the regulation of metabolic reactions and the
synthesis of nutrients in plants. Magnesium is involved in the structure and function of these
enzymes and helps many biochemical reactions to occur in plants.
Protein Synthesis: Magnesium plays an important role in protein synthesis in plants. Plants need
proteins to grow, develop and fulfill their life functions. Magnesium plays an active role in
ribosomes (structures of protein synthesis).
Synthesis of Nucleic Acids: Magnesium is involved in the synthesis of DNA and RNA (nucleic
acids) in plants. Nucleic acids are critical for the storage and transfer of genetic material in
plants. Magnesium plays an important role in the regulation of these processes.
Deficiency or excess of magnesium in the plant is one of the important problems that adversely
affect plant health. Both can negatively affect plant development and cause yield losses. Here
are the effects of deficiency and excess of magnesium in the plant:
16.5.2. Magnesium Deficiency
In magnesium deficiency, in old leaves of plants, interveinal veins turn yellow and veins remain
green (Interveinal chlorosis).
Leaf Yellowing: Yellowing of leaves (chlorosis) can be seen due to magnesium deficiency. The
yellowing leaves are first affected by the edges and may cover all leaves over time.
Slow Growth Magnesium deficiency negatively affects the growth rate of plants. Plants may
have smaller and weaker leaves.
Decrease in Photosynthesis Efficiency: Since magnesium is present in the structure of
chlorophyll molecules, its deficiency negatively affects the photosynthesis process. This
reduces the ability of plants to produce nutrients using solar energy.
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