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Molybdenum deficiency is usually seen when the soil pH is high or the soil in which the plants
grow is deficient in molybdenum.
16.12. Boron
Boron is a micronutrient required in trace amounts for plants and has several important
functions in plants [106]. The main functions of boron are:
Contribution to Cell Wall Structure: Boron contributes to the regulation of the permeability of
the cell wall structure in plants.
Cell Division and Elongation: Boron plays an important role in the processes of cell division
and elongation in plants.
Carbohydrate and Protein Metabolism: Boron is involved in carbohydrate and protein
metabolism in plants and regulates the processes of energy production and nutrient synthesis.
Activation of Hormones: Boron can be effective in the activation of some hormones in plants.
These hormones regulate processes such as the growth and flowering of plants.
It provides the transport of photosynthesis products from leaves.
16.12.1. Boron Deficiency
Abnormal development of growth points (meristematic tissue) occurs, and apical growth points
are stunted and die in boron deficiency. Flower and fruit formation does not occur. For some
cereals and fruits, yield and quality are significantly reduced.
Cell Wall Weakness: Boron deficiency can cause cell wall weakness and structural problems in
plants. This can negatively affect the growth and development of plants.
Spot Formation on Leaves: Boron deficiency can cause brown spot formation on leaves in
plants.
Slow Growth and Development: Boron deficiency can cause slow growth and development in
plants. Plants may have smaller leaves and poorly branched stems.
16.12.2. Boron Excess
Boron excess can cause toxicity in plants. High boron levels can cause burns and drying of
leaves. It may inhibit the absorption of other nutrients: Boron excess can lead to mineral
imbalances in plants by inhibiting the absorption and transport of other nutrients.
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