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Takes Part in Electron Transport Chain: Iron is involved in the structure of important proteins

and enzymes such as cytochromes in the electron transport chain in plants. This chain ensures
the transport of electrons in energy production processes such as photosynthesis and respiration.

Nitrate Reduction: Iron plays an important role in the conversion of nitrate to nitrite and then
to ammonia in plants. This process is important for plants to take up nitrogen and form proteins

and other compounds.

DNA and RNA Synthesis: Iron plays an important role in DNA and RNA synthesis in plants.

DNA and RNA are critical for the storage and transfer of genetic material in plants.

Enzyme Activation: Iron plays a critical role in the activation of many enzymes in plants.

Deficiency or excess of iron in the plant is one of the important problems that adversely affect

plant health. Both can negatively affect plant development and cause yield losses.

16.7.1. Iron Deficiency

Chlorosis (leaf yellowing): Iron deficiency affects chlorophyll synthesis in plants and causes

yellowing of leaves (chlorosis). Yellowing of the leaves first appears on the young leaves and
between the leaf veins. In severe cases, the whole plant may be light green.

Slow Growth: Iron deficiency negatively affects the growth rate of plants. Plants may have
smaller leaves and less branched stems.

Restricted Photosynthesis and Nutrient Production: Iron deficiency reduces the photosynthetic

efficiency of plants by reducing chlorophyll synthesis and restricts nutrient production.

Respiration Problems: Iron deficiency can affect the regulation of respiratory processes in

plants and affect the energy production of plants, negatively affecting growth.

16.7.2. Iron Excess

Food Poisoning Iron excess can cause nutrient poisoning in plants. High iron levels can produce

symptoms of toxicity in plants and cause spots, drying, and burns on leaves.

Mineral Imbalance: Iron excess can lead to mineral imbalances in plants by affecting the

absorption and transport of other nutrients.

Negatively Affecting Root Development: Iron excess can negatively affect the root

development of plants and prevent the roots from growing healthily.

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