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Deficiency or excess of sulphur in the plant is one of the important problems that adversely

affect plant health. Both can adversely affect plant development and cause yield losses. Here
are the effects of deficiency and excess sulphur in the plant:

16.6.1. Sulphur Deficiency

In case of sulphur deficiency, the interveinal yellow color between the veins and the veins

remains green (Interveinal chlorosis).

Slow Growth Sulfur deficiency negatively affects the growth rate of plants. Plants may have
smaller leaves and their development may be slow.

Leaf Yellowing: Yellowing of leaves (chlorosis) may occur due to sulphur deficiency. The
young parts of the leaves are affected, and the leaves may turn pale green or yellow.

Decreased Protein and Amino Acid Synthesis: Sulphur deficiency reduces protein and amino
acid synthesis in plants. This situation negatively affects the normal growth and development

of plants.

Problems in Chlorophyll Synthesis: Chlorophyll is the pigment that plants need for
photosynthesis. Sulfur deficiency can reduce the photosynthesis efficiency of plants by

affecting chlorophyll synthesis.

16.6.2. Sulfur Excess

May inhibit the absorption of other nutrients: An excess of sulphur can inhibit the absorption

and transport of other nutrients in plants (such as calcium and potassium). This can cause
mineral imbalances in plants and lead to deficiencies of other nutrients.

Toxicity: Excess sulphur can cause toxicity in plants. Symptoms such as burns on leaves,
curling of leaf margins and plant death can be seen.

16.7. Iron

Iron is a micronutrient element of vital importance for plants [101]. The main functions of iron
in plants are as follows:

Chlorophyll Synthesis: Iron is an essential component in the structure of chlorophyll molecules

in plants.

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